Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2. Each month, about 4. Stack Overflow to learn, share, and level up. We estimate that 1. Our estimate on professional developers comes from the things people read and do when they visit Stack Overflow.

We collect data on user activity to help surface jobs we think you might find interesting and questions we think you can answer. You can download and clear this data at any time. Desktop applications developer. Developer with a statistics or mathematics background. Embedded applications/devices developer. Machine learning specialist.

Quality assurance engineer. About three- quarters of respondents identify as web developers, although many also said they are working to build desktop apps and mobile apps. Marketing or sales manager. Compared to the rest of the world, the United States has a higher proportion of people who identify as full stack web developers, whereas Germany has a comparatively lower proportion. As for mobile developers, the U. S. and United Kingdom have proportionally more i. OS developers and fewer Android developers than the rest of the world.

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People other than full- time developers also write code as part of their jobs, and they come to Stack Overflow for help and community. This year, we gave additional occupation options to respondents who are not full- time developers, but who occasionally code as part of their work.

These roles include analyst, data scientist, and educator. A common misconception about developers is that they've all been programming since childhood. In fact, we see a wide range of experience levels. Among professional developers, one- eighth (1. Due to the pervasiveness of online courses and coding bootcamps, adults with little to no programming experience can now more easily transition to a career as a developer. Web and mobile developers have significantly less professional coding experience, on average, than developers in other technical disciplines such as systems administration and embedded programming.

Across all developer kinds, the software industry acts as the primary incubator for new talent, but sees a relatively low proportion of more experienced developers. For example, 6. 0% of mobile developers at software firms have fewer than five years of professional coding experience, compared to 4. Among professional developers, 1. A further 3. 6. 9% learned to program between one and four years before beginning their careers as developers. Globally, developers in Southern Asia had the lowest average amount of prior coding experience when beginning their careers; those in continental Europe had the highest.

Respondents who indicated that they had worked as professional developers in the past, but now did something else for a living, were asked how long they had coded as part of their jobs. We asked respondents for their gender identity.

Specifically, we asked them to select each of the following options that apply to them: Male. Female. Transgender. Non- binary, genderqueer, or gender non- conforming.

A different identity (write- in option)According to Quantcast, women account for 1. Stack Overflow’s U. S. traffic. Similarly, 1. U. S. identify as women. In our survey last year, 6. U. S. identified as women.

Meanwhile, women account for 9% of Stack Overflow’s UK traffic, while 7. UK were women. Finally, women account for 8% of Stack Overflow’s traffic from both France and Germany, while 5.

We will publish additional analysis related to respondents’ gender identities in the coming weeks. White or of European descent. Hispanic or Latino/Latina. Black or of African descent.

Native American, Pacific Islander, or Indigenous Australian. White or of European descent.

Hispanic or Latino/Latina. Black or of African descent. Native American, Pacific Islander, or Indigenous Australian. White or of European descent.

Hispanic or Latino/Latina. Spartacus War Of The Damned Season 3 Episode 8 more. Black or of African descent.

Native American, Pacific Islander, or Indigenous Australian. This was the first year we asked respondents for their ethnic identity. We asked them to select each option that applied. We asked respondents this question to add an important dimension to what we can learn about developers. In addition, public policy researchers and employers frequently look to us for information on how they can reach out to and better understand underrepresented groups among developers.

We will publish additional analysis related to respondents’ ethnic identities in the coming weeks. None or prefer not to say. Similar to our question about ethnicity, this was the first year we asked respondents for their disability status.

Of the 3. 4% of respondents who identified as having a disability, we asked them to select each option that applied, and we included a write- in option. We know developers can experience many forms of disability. For this survey, we confined our list of standard options on this question to disabilities that require some physical accommodation by employers. We will publish additional analysis related to respondents’ disability status in the coming weeks.

Some college/university study, no bachelor's degree. Primary/elementary school. Some college/university study, no bachelor's degree. Primary/elementary school. Some college/university study, no bachelor's degree.

Primary/elementary school. We asked respondents, “What is the highest level of education received by either of your parents?” Similar to ethnicity and disability status, this is the first year we asked this question. We asked this question in part because public policy researchers and some employers seek information about first- generation college students to improve their efforts to support them. We will publish additional analysis on this in the coming weeks.

The dashed line shows the average ratio of men's to women's participation. While the sample as a whole skewed heavily male, women were more likely to be represented in some developer roles than others.

They were proportionally more represented among data scientists, mobile and web developers, quality assurance engineers, and graphic designers. The dashed line shows the average ratio for all of these developer roles. Desktop applications developer. Developer with a statistics or mathematics background. Embedded applications/devices developer. Quality assurance engineer. Machine learning specialist.

Desktop applications developer. Developer with a statistics or mathematics background.

Embedded applications/devices developer. Machine learning specialist. Quality assurance engineer.

Desktop applications developer. Developer with a statistics or mathematics background. Embedded applications/devices developer. Machine learning specialist. Quality assurance engineer. Desktop applications developer.

Developer with a statistics or mathematics background. Embedded applications/devices developer.

Machine learning specialist. Quality assurance engineer. Respondents who identified as White or of European descent were less likely to report being a mobile developer than those who identified as South Asian, Hispanic or Latino/Latina, or East Asian. A higher proportion of respondents who identified as Hispanic or Latino/Latina selected “web developer” as an option compared to those who selected White or of European descent, South Asian, or East Asian.

Important note: We didn't receive enough responses from developers of some ethnicities to include them here with reliable percentages. However, we do see that many developers who identify as Black or of African descent work as web developers and mobile developers, and many developers with Middle Eastern ethnic backgrounds work as web developers and desktop applications developers. Developers who identified as Native American, Pacific Islander, or Indigenous Australian work as web developers at a high rate. Female. Male. 2. 9,2. Watch Freejack Full Movie.

White or of European descent. Native American, Pacific Islander, or Indigenous Australian. Hispanic or Latino/Latina. Black or of African descent. Mean of 3. 3,0. 04 responses.

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